Timber milling is a crucial step in the journey of wood from the forest to our workshops.
The process involves transforming raw logs into lumber and other wood products through cutting, shaping, and treating the wood. The image above depicts a wooden sculpture that provides a visual representation of one of the many methods used in milling logs.
The Basics of Timber Milling
Historically, timber milling has been practiced for centuries, evolving from simple manual sawing to sophisticated automated processes.
The primary goal is to convert logs into usable timber while maximizing the amount of quality lumber extracted from each log.
From Log to Lumber
The first step in milling is debarking the log, as shown by the sculpture’s outermost layer.
Once the bark is removed, the exposed wood is ready for the sawmill, where it can be cut into various products, including boards, planks, and beams.
Sawmill Techniques
Different sawmill techniques are used depending on the desired outcome:
- Plain sawing, also known as flat sawing, is the most common method of producing lumber with varied grain patterns and is more susceptible to warping but is the most economical in terms of yield.
- Quarter sawing produces lumber that’s more resistant to warping and has a distinctive grain pattern that’s valued for its aesthetic appeal.
- Rift sawing is similar to quarter sawing, but the cut is made at a different angle, providing a more uniform grain pattern.
The Art of the Cut
The central piece of the sculpture features a compass rose design, symbolizing the precision and directionality required in cutting wood.
The various cuts around this central piece represent different milling patterns that can be achieved through the sawmill’s blades’ direction and angle.
Modern Milling Innovations
With the advent of technology, milling has become more efficient and precise. Computerized sawmills can now maximize yield from each log and minimize waste, using sensors to calculate the best cuts.
This efficiency is essential for sustainable forest management, ensuring that as much wood as possible is used productively.
The Final Product
After cutting, the lumber is dried, either through air drying or in a kiln, to reduce moisture content and prevent decay or warping.
The dried lumber is then often planed to a smooth finish and treated if necessary to enhance durability.
Video Explanation
I found this video really interesting.
Here is another, but it’s pretty old so hard to see.